IBM RELEASES FOURTH-QUARTER RESULTS

Double-digit Software revenue growth; Free cash flow well-exceeds full-year expectation

ARMONK, N.Y., Jan. 29, 2025 -- IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced fourth-quarter 2024 earnings results.

"We closed the year with double-digit revenue growth in Software for the quarter, led by further acceleration in Red Hat. Clients globally continue to turn to IBM to transform with AI. Our generative AI book of business now stands at more than $5 billion inception-to-date, up nearly $2 billion quarter over quarter," said Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman, president and chief executive officer. "Three years ago, we laid out a vision for a faster-growing, more-profitable IBM. I'm proud of the work the IBM team has done to meet or exceed our commitments. With our focused strategy, enhanced portfolio, and culture of innovation, we're well-positioned for 2025 and beyond and expect revenue growth of at least five percent and free cash flow of about $13.5 billion this year." 

Fourth-Quarter Highlights

• Revenue
  - Revenue of $17.6 billion, up 1 percent, up 2 percent at constant currency
  - Software revenue up 10 percent, up 11 percent at constant currency
  - Consulting revenue down 2 percent, down 1 percent at constant currency
  - Infrastructure revenue down 8 percent, down 6 percent at constant currency
• Profit
  - Gross Profit Margin: GAAP: 59.5 percent, up 40 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 60.6 percent, up 50 basis points

Full-Year Highlights

• Revenue
  - Revenue of $62.8 billion, up 1 percent, up 3 percent at constant currency
  - Software revenue up 8 percent, up 9 percent at constant currency
  - Consulting revenue down 1 percent, up 1 percent at constant currency
  - Infrastructure revenue down 4 percent, down 3 percent at constant currency
• Profit
  - Gross Profit Margin: GAAP: 56.7 percent, up 120 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 57.8 percent, up 130 basis points
• Cash Flow
  - Net cash from operating activities of $13.4 billion; free cash flow of $12.7 billion

"With strong performance across our Software portfolio, we continue to drive solid fundamentals within our business," said James Kavanaugh, IBM senior vice president and chief financial officer. "As a result, we generated $12.7 billion in free cash flow, far-outpacing our expectation for the year. Continued strength in operating profitability and free cash flow fuels our ability to invest for the future while returning value to shareholders through dividends."

Segment Results for Fourth Quarter

• Software — revenues of $7.9 billion, up 10.4 percent, up 11.5 percent at constant currency:
  - Hybrid Platform & Solutions up 11 percent, up 12 percent at constant currency
        -- Red Hat up 16 percent, up 17 percent at constant currency
        -- Automation up 15 percent, up 16 percent at constant currency
        -- Data & AI up 4 percent, up 5 percent at constant currency
        -- Security up 4 percent, up 5 percent at constant currency
  - Transaction Processing up 10 percent, up 11 percent at constant currency
  
  
• Consulting — revenues of $5.2 billion, down 2.0 percent, down 1.1 percent at constant currency:
  - Business Transformation up 1 percent, up 2 percent at constant currency
  - Technology Consulting down 7 percent, down 6 percent at constant currency
  - Application Operations down 4 percent, down 3 percent at constant currency
  
  
• Infrastructure — revenues of $4.3 billion, down 7.6 percent, down 6.0 percent at constant currency:
  - Hybrid Infrastructure down 10 percent, down 8 percent at constant currency
        -- IBM Z down 21 percent, down 20 percent at constant currency
        -- Distributed Infrastructure flat, up 2 percent at constant currency
  - Infrastructure Support down 2 percent, flat at constant currency
  
  
• Financing — revenues of $0.2 billion, down 2.5 percent, down 0.5 percent at constant currency

Cash Flow and Balance Sheet

In the fourth quarter, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $4.3 billion, down $0.1 billion year to year. IBM's free cash flow was $6.2 billion, up $0.1 billion year to year. The company returned $1.5 billion to shareholders in dividends in the fourth quarter.

For the year, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $13.4 billion, down $0.5 billion year to year. Net cash from operating activities excluding IBM financing receivables was $13.9 billion, up $1.2 billion. IBM's free cash flow was $12.7 billion, up $1.5 billion year to year.

IBM ended the fourth quarter with $14.8 billion of cash, restricted cash and marketable securities, up $1.3 billion from year-end 2023. Debt, including IBM Financing debt of $12.1 billion, totaled $55.0 billion, down $1.6 billion since year-end 2023.

Full-Year 2024 Results

Full-Year 2025 Expectations

• Revenue: The company expects full-year constant currency revenue growth of at least 5 percent. At current foreign exchange rates, currency is expected to be about a two-point headwind to growth for the year.
• Free cash flow: The company expects about $13.5 billion in free cash flow for the full year.

Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements

Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company's current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to, the following: a downturn in economic environment and client spending budgets; a failure of the company's innovation initiatives; damage to the company's reputation; risks from investing in growth opportunities; failure of the company's intellectual property portfolio to prevent competitive offerings and the failure of the company to obtain necessary licenses; the company's ability to successfully manage acquisitions, alliances and dispositions, including integration challenges, failure to achieve objectives, the assumption of liabilities and higher debt levels; fluctuations in financial results; impact of local legal, economic, political, health and other conditions; the company's failure to meet growth and productivity objectives; ineffective internal controls; the company's use of accounting estimates; impairment of the company's goodwill or amortizable intangible assets; the company's ability to attract and retain key employees and its reliance on critical skills; impacts of relationships with critical suppliers; product quality issues; impacts of business with government clients; reliance on third-party distribution channels and ecosystems; cybersecurity and data privacy considerations; adverse effects related to climate change and environmental matters; tax matters; legal proceedings and investigatory risks; the company's pension plans; currency fluctuations and customer financing risks; impact of changes in market liquidity conditions and customer credit risk on receivables; risk factors related to IBM securities; and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in the company's Form 10-Qs, Form 10-K and in the company's other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or in materials incorporated therein by reference.

Statements in this communication regarding the strategic acquisition that are forward-looking may include projections as to closing date for the transaction, the extent of, and the time necessary to obtain, the regulatory approvals required for the transaction, the anticipated benefits of the transaction, the impact of the transaction on IBM's business, the synergies from the transaction, and the combined company's future operating results.

Any forward-looking statement in this release speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by law, the company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

Presentation of Information in this Press Release

For generative AI, book of business includes Software transactional revenue, SaaS Annual Contract Value and Consulting signings. The generative AI book of business is further defined within Exhibit 99.2 in the Form 8-K that includes this press release.

In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding the company's results as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the company has also disclosed in this press release the following non-GAAP information, which management believes provides useful information to investors:

IBM results —

• adjusting for currency (i.e., at constant currency);
• presenting operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share amounts and related income statement items;
• free cash flow;
• net cash from operating activities excluding IBM Financing receivables;
• adjusted EBITDA.

The rationale for management's use of these non-GAAP measures is included in Exhibit 99.2 in the Form 8-K that includes this press release and is being submitted today to the SEC.

Conference Call and Webcast

IBM's regular quarterly earnings conference call is scheduled to begin at 5:00 p.m. ET, today. The Webcast may be accessed via a link at https://www.ibm.com/investor/events/earnings-4q24. Presentation charts will be available shortly before the Webcast.

Financial Results Below (certain amounts may not add due to use of rounded numbers; percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts).

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